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READ FULL STORYUpdated on July 23.
On July 4, H.R. 1, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” was signed into law. The legislation is expected to displace 11.8 million people from health care coverage. Cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—federal funding for food benefits—will impact more than 2 million children.
The legislation also singles out refugees and forcibly displaced populations by cutting access to federally-funded assistance programs that serve as a lifeline to new Americans. Before H.R. 1, lawfully-present noncitizens—including refugees, asylees, survivors of human trafficking, and others with humanitarian protections—were eligible to receive healthcare and nutrition assistance. The legislation cuts back eligibility, impacting thousands of individuals, families, and children who are under humanitarian protection. Here is a list of the provisions cutting federally-funded assistance program eligibility for new Americans.
Changes to Federally-Funded Assistance Eligibility
Topic | Section(s) | Impact | Effective Date |
SNAP
|
SEC. 10108
|
Only citizens, legal permanent residents (LPRs), “Cuban and Haitian entrants,”‡ and residents of Compact of Free Association nations are now eligible to receive SNAP benefits.
People who are newly ineligible include refugees, asylees, Afghan evacuees (non-LPR), people granted humanitarian parole for at least one year, survivors of human trafficking, and survivors of domestic violence. |
This change can be implemented immediately, but states have 120 days to apply new regulations to SNAP eligibility. |
Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
|
SEC. 71109
|
States will not be reimbursed for care unless the care-receiving individual is a citizen, legal permanent resident (LPR), “Cuban and Haitian entrant,”‡ or resident of a Compact of Free Association nation.
People who will be newly ineligible include refugees, asylees, Afghan evacuees (non-LPR), people granted humanitarian parole for at least one year, survivors of human trafficking, and survivors of domestic violence. |
October 1, 2026 |
Medicare | SEC. 1899C | Only citizens, legal permanent residents (LPRs), “Cuban and Haitian entrants,”‡ and residents of Compact of Free Association nations are now eligible to enroll in Medicare.
People who are newly ineligible include refugees, asylees, Afghan evacuees (non-LPR), Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders, people granted humanitarian parole for at least one year, survivors of human trafficking, and survivors of domestic violence. |
This change applies immediately for people who were not entitled to or enrolled for benefits. For individuals already entitled to or enrolled for benefits on the date of bill passage, the change shall apply in 18 months. |
Changes to Taxes
Topic | Section(s) | Impact | Effective Date |
Premium Tax Credit under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) | SEC. 71301 | The Premium Tax Credit is a refundable tax credit that helps eligible individuals and families to afford marketplace health insurance.
H.R. 1 limits non-citizen eligibility to LPRs, “Cuban and Haitian entrants,”‡ and residents of Compact of Free Association nations. |
Taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026 |
ACA Coverage for Low-Income Noncitizens (ACA Premium Assistance Credit) | SEC. 71302 | Noncitizens lawfully present in the United States who have a household income of 100 percent or less than the federal poverty level and ineligible for Medicaid will be ineligible for premium assistance credit. | Taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025 |
American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Tax Credits | SEC. 70606 | A social security number will be required to benefit from American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Tax Credits. Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) will no longer be sufficient. | Taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025 |
Child Tax Credit | SEC. 70104 | Social security numbers are now required for the taxpayer in addition to each qualifying child in order to receive the Child Tax Credit. | Taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024 |
Remittance Transfers Excise Tax | SEC. 70604 | Remittance transfers are electronic transfers of funds overseas, a method that many immigrants use to sustain families back home. Small-value transfers of $15 or less do not apply.
A one percent (1%) excise tax will apply to transfers made with cash, money order, cashier’s check, or any other similar physical instrument. The tax will not apply when money is withdrawn from a bank account or funded by a U.S. debit or credit card. |
Transfers made after December 31, 2025 |
Fees for Applications for Immigration-Related Benefits
Finally, the legislation imposes minimum fees for certain immigration applications, effective immediately. Here is a non-exhaustive list of fees that may impact forcibly displaced populations. All fees listed below are minimums and must* be adjusted for inflation every fiscal year. Except for humanitarian parole applications, no fee waivers or reductions are permitted.
July 22 Update: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that it would impose fees mandated by H.R. 1 in addition to fees collected by USCIS. For example, an individual with a pending asylum application applying for renewal of an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) must pay the current filing fee ($520 paper filing or $470 online filing) plus the $275 fee mandated by H.R. 1. One exception was made for initial Temporary Protected Status (TPS) applications, where USCIS will collect the H.R. 1-mandated fee of $500 plus a $30 biometrics fee. USCIS has yet to implement and announce fee changes for humanitarian parole applications and Form I-94 applications.
Topic | Section(s) | Impact |
Humanitarian Parole | SEC. 100004 | Imposes a minimum fee of $1,000, with exceptions in only a few specific instances: medical emergencies, organ donations/transplants, imminent death or funeral of a family member, appearance at an immigration hearing, or assistance to the U.S. government in a law enforcement matter.
On July 3, the fee for initial parole documents for specific parole processes (e.g., Uniting for Ukraine) was $630. |
Form I-94 Arrival/Departure Record | SEC. 100008 | Imposes a minimum fee of $24.
On July 3, the fee was $6 for nonimmigrant visitors and $0 for refugees. |
EAD (Employment Authorization Document) Application for Asylum Applicants | SEC. 100003(a)
SEC. 100011 |
Imposes a minimum fee of $550 for initial applicants.
Asylum applicants who apply for a renewal or extension must pay a minimum of $275. |
EAD for Parolees | SEC. 100003(b)
SEC. 100010 |
Parolees, including humanitarian parolees, may receive employment authorization for a period of one year or for the duration of parole, whichever is shorter. Imposes a minimum fee of $550 for initial applications.
EADs can be extended for a period of one year or for the duration of parole, whichever is shorter. Imposes a minimum fee of $275. |
EAD for TPS Holders | SEC. 100003(c)
SEC. 100012 |
TPS holders may receive employment authorization for a period of one year or for the duration of the designation of TPS, whichever is shorter. Imposes a minimum fee of $550 for initial applications.
EADs can be extended for a period of one year or for the duration of the designation of TPS, whichever is shorter. Imposes a minimum fee of $275. |
Asylum Application | SEC. 100002 | Imposes a minimum fee of $100.
On July 3, the fee was $0. |
Annual Asylum Fee | SEC. 100009 | Imposes a new minimum fee of $100 to be charged for each calendar year that an application for asylum remains pending. |
Adjustment of Status (Green Card) Application in Immigration Court | SEC. 100013(a) | Imposes a minimum fee of $1,500 for filing an adjustment of status for lawful permanent residence (Green Card) application in an immigration court.
On July 3, the fee for refugees was $0. Immigration judges also had discretion to waive fees for applications filed in immigration court. |
TPS Application in Immigration Court | SEC. 100013(c) | Imposes a minimum fee of $500 for filing a temporary protected status application with an immigration court.
On July 3, the fee for new TPS applicants was $50, $30 for biometrics, and $0 for re-registrants. |
Appeals | SEC. 100013(d)–(e) | Imposes a minimum fee of $900 to file an appeal from a decision of an immigration judge or an officer of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
On July 3, the fee was $110. |
Motions to Reopen or Reconsider
|
SEC. 100013(g) | Imposes a minimum fee of $900 to file a motion to reopen or reconsider a decision of an immigration judge or the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA).
On July 3, the fee was $145 to file a motion to reopen or reconsider before an immigration judge and $110 before the BIA. |
Cancellation of Removal in Immigration Court | SEC. 100013(i) | Imposes a minimum fee of $600 to file an application for cancellation of removal for a LPR in immigration court. Imposes a minimum fee of $1,500 for any applicant who is not a LPR at the time of filing.
On July 3, the fee was $130 for both populations. |
‡ “Cuban and Haitian entrants” includes (1) any individual granted parole status as a Cuban/Haitian Entrant (Status Pending), and (2) any Cuban or Haitian national who was paroled into the United States and is in removal proceedings or has a pending asylum claim who does not have a final deportation order.
* H.R. 1 states that fees must be adjusted for inflation, based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), then rounded to the lowest multiple of $10.
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